在濟(jì)南金屬激光切割中，如果噴嘴選擇或維護(hù)不當(dāng)，很容易造成污染或損壞，或者由于噴嘴口的圓度不好，或者由于鐵水飛濺造成局部堵塞，噴嘴內(nèi)會(huì)形成渦流，導(dǎo)致切割性能明顯較差。

　　In Jinan metal laser cutting, if the nozzle is not selected or maintained properly, it is easy to cause pollution or damage, or due to poor roundness of the nozzle mouth or local blockage caused by splashing of molten iron, eddy currents will form inside the nozzle, leading to significantly poor cutting performance.

　　首先，噴嘴口和聚焦光束有不同的軸線，形成光束來(lái)切割噴嘴邊緣，這也會(huì)影響切割質(zhì)量，增加切割寬度，使切割尺寸錯(cuò)位。

　　Firstly, the nozzle mouth and the focusing beam have different axes, forming a beam to cut the nozzle edge. This also affects the cutting quality, increases the cutting width, and causes the cutting size to be misaligned.

　　噴嘴尺寸對(duì)切割速度有一定的影響，噴嘴尺寸對(duì)出口壓力分布也有影響。隨著噴嘴直徑的增大，由于射流對(duì)切割區(qū)母材的強(qiáng)烈冷卻作用，熱影響區(qū)會(huì)變窄，但也會(huì)導(dǎo)致切割縫過(guò)寬，噴嘴尺寸會(huì)造成準(zhǔn)直困難。噴嘴口有被光束割傷的危險(xiǎn)。而且，窄的切縫會(huì)阻礙高速下渣的順利進(jìn)行。

　　The size of the nozzle has a certain impact on the cutting speed, and the size of the nozzle also has an impact on the outlet pressure distribution. With the increase of nozzle diameter, the Heat-affected zone will become narrower due to the strong cooling effect of the jet on the base metal in the cutting area, but it will also lead to the cutting seam being too wide, and the nozzle size will cause difficulties in alignment. There is a risk of cutting the nozzle mouth by a beam of light. Moreover, narrow slits can hinder the smooth progress of high-speed slag discharge.

　　噴嘴與工件之間的距離直接影響噴嘴氣流與工件狹縫的耦合。噴嘴口離工件表面太近，會(huì)對(duì)鏡頭產(chǎn)生很強(qiáng)的回流壓力，削弱飛濺切割材料產(chǎn)生點(diǎn)的分散能力，對(duì)切割質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，但距離太遠(yuǎn)會(huì)造成不必要的動(dòng)能損失，這也不利于有效的切割。

　　The distance between the nozzle and the workpiece directly affects the coupling between the nozzle airflow and the workpiece slit. If the nozzle mouth is too close to the surface of the workpiece, it will generate strong reflux pressure on the lens, weaken the dispersion ability of splashing cutting material, and have a negative impact on cutting quality. However, if the distance is too far, it will cause unnecessary kinetic energy loss, which is not conducive to effective cutting.

　　一般來(lái)說(shuō)的話，激光切割當(dāng)中的噴嘴與工件之間的距離需要控制在1-2毫米以內(nèi)?，F(xiàn)代激光切割系統(tǒng)的割炬配有感應(yīng)式或電容式傳感器反饋裝置，可在預(yù)設(shè)高度范圍內(nèi)自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)兩者之間的距離。